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[CAR HORNS HONKING] [OLD-TIME MUSIC PLAYING] HEY, WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

I AM ROY UNDERHILL.

YOU KNOW, IT'S HARD TO BE HUMBLE WHEN YOU'RE PRETTY AS ME AND YOU MAKE SUCH NICE THING FROM THE PARTS OF A TREE, BUT THE BEST WOODWORKING TIP I EVER DID SEE IS ONE THAT I STOLE FROM MUHAMMAD ALI, AND THAT'S SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY, PLANE LIKE A BEE.

IT'S TRUE.

I STOLE.

FROM THE LATE, GREAT MUHAMMAD ALI COMES ONE OF THE BEST TIPS I HAVE FOR MY STUDENTS.

LET ME SHOW YOU WHAT MOTIVATES THIS TIP TO SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY, PLANE LIKE A BEE, THE WAY FOLKS WORK WITH IT, AND I THINK IT'S BECAUSE THEY MAY BE DULL TOOLS THEY'RE WORKING WITH, BUT INSTEAD OF SAWING AND, YOU KNOW, REALLY USE THE SAW AS A SHARP TOOL, THEY GET ON IT AND PUSH DOWN LIKE THAT, AND THAT'S NOT HOW YOU SAW.

YOU WANT TO SAW LIGHTLY, LIGHTLY.

JUST FLOAT THAT SAW IN THERE, JUST, LIKE, NO GRIP ON THERE AT ALL, AND JUST THERE'S THE BUTTERFLY JUST FLOATING THROUGH THE WOOD.

WELL, IT'S SOMETHING THAT STICKS IN THE HEAD, AND SAME WITH THE PLANING.

WHEN I SEE FOLKS PLANING, THEY'LL WORK ON A PIECE LIKE THIS--A BIG, OLD, ROUGH PIECE OF CEDAR-- AND TRY AND SAY, "WELL, I'M GONNA START DOWN HERE IN THE VALLEY AND KIND OF WORK IN THE TABLE.

THAT'S NOT HOW YOU DO IT.

YOU WANT TO GET AND DO A BEELINE BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO TAKE OFF THE HIGH PARTS FIRST BEFORE YOU CAN GET TO THE VALLEY, SO I KEEP TRYING TO GET FOLKS TO PLANE ALL THE WAY THROUGH, SO I STOLE THE GREAT LINE FROM THE LATE, GREAT MUHAMMAD ALI TO SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY AND PLANE LIKE A BEE, SO LET ME SHOW YOU HOW-- UH, HOW MUCH I'VE GOT INTO THIS.

I ACTUALLY MADE A DEVICE OVER HERE, AND THIS-- LET ME SHOW YOU.

THIS IS--THIS IS GREAT.

UH, THIS IS A BALANCE BEAM, UH, ELECTROSAWDIOGRAPH.

WELL, ACTUALLY, IT RUNS WITH A SPRING MOTOR, SO I GUESS IT'S AN ENSPRINGOSAWDIOGRAPH.

I HAVE A BALANCE BEAM HERE.

YOU CAN SEE I'VE BALANCED IT JUST TO BALANCE THE WEIGHT OF THE SAW HERE.

I'VE GOT A BALANCE, AND THEN ON THE OTHER END IS A PEN THAT MOVES UP AND DOWN WITH THE WEIGHT OF THE-- UH, PUT ON THIS OTHER END WHEN I SAW.

NOW, GO TO THE OTHER END, YOU CAN SEE WHAT MAKES IT WORK, UH, IS THAT THE PAPER IS BEING CONSTANTLY PULLED THROUGH BY A DEVICE THAT AIN'T NO ROPE-A-DOPE DEVICE.

THIS IS A CLOCK JACK.

I'M WINDING IT UP, AND THE, UH--THE CORD HERE IS BEING PULLED ON A-- IT'S PULLING ON WHAT'S CALLED A FUSEE, THAT TAPERED, UH, CONE RIGHT HERE, THIS SPIRAL TAPER, SO WHEN THE SPRING IS AT ITS, UH, UH, GENTLEST, WE HAVE A BIGGER PIECE PULLING.

WHEN IT GETS TO, UH, ITS, UH, TIGHTEST, IT'S PULLING ON A SMALLER, UH, SECTION RIGHT THERE, SO I'M GONNA LET THIS GO, HIT THE GOVERNOR.

THIS IS A CLOCK JACK USED FOR, UM-- UH, USED FOR, UH, TURNING SPITS OF MEAT.

I BORROWED IT FROM BLACKSMITH PETER ROSS.

ALL RIGHT, SO NOW DOWN AT THIS END, THE PAPER IS MOVING AWAY FROM ME, AND I'M GONNA START SAWING AT THIS END HERE AND JUST LIGHTLY, LIGHTLY WITH THE SAW.

YOU SEE I CAN'T-- NOW I'M GONNA-- I'VE GOT IT STARTED.

I'M GONNA SAW LIKE MOST FOLKS DO WHEN I HAVE THEN START ON THIS.

THEY KEEP PUSHING, TRYING TO PUSH DOWN, AND THE SAWDIOGRAPH JUST GOES WAY UP HERE, AND THERE'S JERKING UP AND DOWN AND VERY, UM, UNEVEN.

NOW I'LL SAW LIKE THEY DO AFTER I'VE PRACTICED WITH THEM.

I HAVE THEM JUST SAW, JUST CUTTING-- I'M GONNA START A NEW CUT NOW, ALL RIGHT, AND THERE YOU GO, USING THE ENTIRE SAW AND JUST BALANCING THE WEIGHT OF THE SAW.

THE TRICK IS TO KEEP THE TEETH OF THE SAW ENGAGED, AND THAT'S WHAT MAKES FOR LIGHT AND PROPER SAWING, BUT YOU'VE GOT TO HAVE A SHARP SAW IN ORDER FOR THAT TO WORK, SO I THINK THAT'S WHY FOLKS TEND TO PUSH DOWN, SO YOU'LL SEE RIGHT HERE-- YOU'LL SEE NOW THIS IS WHAT, UH, WE DON'T WANT TO DO, PUSHING DOWN ON THE SAW, AND HERE IS WHAT WE WANT TO DO, IS HAVE THAT VERY CONTROLLED BUSINESS THERE, SO THAT'S MY THESIS.

I, UH, TELL MY STUDENTS, I SAY, YOU KNOW, "YOU WANT TO SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY, PLANE LIKE A BEE."

THEY SAY, "WELL, DOES THIS-- DOES THIS, UH, CARRY ACROSS ALL SPECIES?"

WELL, IT HAS TO IN ORDER FOR IT TO BE TRUE.

UH, IN OTHER WORDS, THE, UH, PLANE-- WHAT'S TRUE FOR THE LITTLE SCRUB PLANE HAS TO BE TRUE, UH, FOR THE-- ALL SPECIES OF PLANE, LIKE THIS.

THIS IS THE, UM, TONGUS AND GROOVICUS.

IT, UH, IS A SWINGAROUND PLANE THAT WILL CUT-- SEE HOW E FENCE GOES AROUND HERE, AND YOU CAN SEE NOW IT'S EXPOSED, UH, TWO CUTTERS DOWN INSIDE THERE.

YOU CAN SEE TWO CUTTER RIGHT THERE, RIGHT, TWO CUTTERS.

IF I SWING THE PLANE ABOUT, THIS FENCE ABOUT, IT IS OFFSET, AND IT COVERS ONE OF THOSE, LEAVING JUST THE OTHER ONE, AND THAT WILL CUT THE GROOVE, SO THIS DOES TONGUE AND GROOVE, UH, DEPENDING UPON WHICH WAY YOU HAVE THIS SET, SO LET'S TRY IT OUT AND SEE IF IT CARRIES ACROSS, WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT, ABOUT PLANE, UH, LIKE A BEE.

I'LL DO A TONGUE-AND-GROOVE JOINT, SO HERE I'VE GOT A PIECE.

I'M LOOKING AT THE GRAIN.

LOOKS AS GOOD ONE WAY AS THE OTHER, AH, AND WE'LL GO AHEAD AND CUT THE TONGUE WITH THE TWO CUTTERS THERE.

ALL RIGHT.

WE'LL SEE THE TWO SHAVINGS COMING ACROSS, SO I'M DOING IT LIKE I WANT PEOPLE TO DO, AS I WANT MY STUDENTS TO DO, WORKING THE ENTIRE LENGTH AND FEEDING ALL THE WAY THROUGH.

THIS IS WORKING FINE.

NOW, WHAT I SEE TOO MUCH IS THIS.

WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?

YOU'RE NOT GOING ALL THE WAY BACK TO THE END HERE.

LISTEN.

AS I PULL BACK, IT FEELS THICK OVER THAT END.

CLICK, CLICK, CLICK, AND THAT'S SO THE CUT IS GOING FULLY FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER, PUSHING ALL THE WAY THROUGH.

NOW, WHERE THE TONGUE IS COMING IN, WE'RE GONNA BOTTOM OUT HERE A LITTLE BIT, AND, UH, THAT'S THE ONLY THING THAT GETS THIS TO ITS FULL DEPTH, IS THAT YOU GO ALL THE WAY TO THE DEPTH STOP DOWN INSIDE THERE, SEE?

IT'S JUST SOLID DOWN THE MIDDLE, ALL RIGHT?

NOW I'M GONNA SWING IT AROUND AND CONVERT IT OVER TO THE TONGUE, BUT-- I'M SORRY--THE GROOVE MODE.

THERE'S ONLY ONE CUTTER EXPOSED RIGHT THERE, ALL RIGHT, AND WE'LL CHANGE OUT THE WOOD, AND YOU'LL SEE ANOTHER THING ABOUT VELOCITY, ABOUT WORKING LIKE A BEE.

GETTING THROUGH ROUGH GRAIN, GETTING THROUGH A KNOT, THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT IT THAT WORKS.

YOU LOOK AT THIS PIECE OF CEDAR HERE, THERE IS A-- HA HA!

THAT IS A KNOT RIGHT THERE, YOU SEE, A KNOT IN THE WOOD.

I'M GONNA JUST BEELINE RIGHT THROUGH THAT, AND IT SHOULD HELP ME IN WAYS THAT I DON'T REALLY UNDERSTAND.

I DON'T KNOW IF IT'S THAT THE CUTTER GETS THROUGH THERE FASTER THAN THE WOOD CAN THINK, BUT I CAN CUT A PRETTY DECENT-- WELL, MAYBE NOT--HA HA HA!-- BUT YOU CAN CUT ALL THE WAY DOWN LIKE THAT.

THE THING IS, YOU GOT TO MAKE SURE YOU'RE DONE ALL THE WAY DOWN BEFORE YOU STOP.

THERE WE GO.

SEE HOW I'M WORKING ALL THE WAY.

WHAT HAPPENS IS, FOLKS'LL GET BACK HERE, AND THEY THINK IT'S BOTTOMED OUT, BUT IT'S JUST THE PLANE RIDING ON THE CUT.

IT HAS NOT CUT TO THE FULL DEPTH, SO WE SHOULD HAVE NOW A GROOVE AND A TONGUE TO PUT INTO IT, AND YOU'LL SEE RIGHT THERE HOW THAT WORKS OUT.

YEAH.

THERE YOU GO, SO TONGUE-AND-GROOVE BOARD, SO I THINK IT HOLDS TRUE.

YOU REALLY WANT TO PLANE LIKE A BEE.

WHAT ABOUT SAWING NOW?

SO IF IT WORKS FOR THE LITTLE, TINY, DELICATE DOVETAIL SAW TO SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY, DOES IT WORK FOR THE MASSIVE, UH, RIP SAW, THE FRENCH SCIE A REFENDRE, THE BIG RIP SAW, ALMOST A PIT SAW.

WELL, LET'S SEE THAT.

HOW WOULD YOU START IT?

STARTING IS ALWAYS A BIG THING.

THIS IS SOME HARD YELLOW PINE HERE I'M GONNA PUT IN THE VISE, LEAN IT AWAY FROM ME A LITTLE BIT, AND, ALL RIGHT, I'M NOT GONNA CHEAT HERE.

I'M ACTUALLY GONNA PUT A LINE ON HERE BECAUSE IF THERE'S NO LINE WHEN I START THIS-- UH, THERE YOU GO, SO I'VE GOT A LINE THAT I WANT TO SAW, UH, DOWN.

UH, IF THERE WAS NO LINE, I COULD JUST BOUNCE THE SAW AROUND, SO HERE IT IS.

I GOT THIS BIG, OLD FRAME SAW NOW COMING IN, AND I'M GOING TO SUPPORT IT ON MY ARMS AND FLOAT.

NOW, WHAT FOLKS-- FOLKS'LL DO IS, THEY SAY, "I'M GONNA PULL BACK."

WELL, YOU DON'T PULL BACK.

THAT'S LIKE A BEE GOING BACKWARDS, "ZZUB ZZUB."

THAT'S NO GOOD.

YOU FLOAT THE SAW AND JUST GO FORWARD.

GET THE SAW JUST POISED THERE AND THEN LAND.

YOU'LL LOOK AT THE WAY A BEE OR A BUTTERFLY LANDS.

OH, WOW, BOY, THEY'D EAT UP THAT FLOWER IF THEY WERE DOING IT LIKE THIS.

UH, NO.

THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

UH, THEY LAND LIGHTLY.

THEY LAND LIGHTLY.

THEY DON'T KNOCK THE FLOWER OVER.

UH...

AH...THERE WE GO, SO, AGAIN, JUST LIKE A BUTTERFLY, LIGHTLY.

JUST KEEP THE TEETH OF THE SAW ENGAGED WITH THE WOOD, AND YOU WILL DO FINE.

THERE YOU GO, ALL ALONG DOWN, SAWING PARALLEL TO THE LINE.

NOW, OF COURSE, MY STUDENTS, UH, DOING WHAT IS THEIR JOB, IS TO QUESTION THEIR PROFESSOR, AND THEY SAY TO ME-- I'LL JUST START THINKING THEY'RE DOING ALL THIS TAKING IT IN, AND THEN SAY TO ME SOMETHING LIKE, UH, "BUT, YOU KNOW, YOU SAY A-- "WE SHOULD SAW--HA HA!-- LIKE A BUTTERFLY, "BUT, YOU KNOW, BUTTERFLIES ARE SOLO, AREN'T THEY?

"THIS BUTTERFLY DOESN'T REALLY DO COLONIES.

"THEY JUST WORK BY THEMSELVES, AND YOU LOOK AT A SAW, "LOOK AT THE TEETH.

"THEY WORK TOGETHER.

THEY'RE LIKE A HIVE OF BEES.

"YOU LOOK AT THOSE SAW TEETH, THEY'RE LIKE, UH, "A WHOLE SWARM OF BEES THERE WORKING ONE WITH THE OTHER.

"THEY CAN'T DO MUCH BY THEMSELVES, "BUT THOSE TEETH WORKING TOGETHER, THEY CAN DO IT, SO IS IT NOT, UH, A SAW, MORE LIKE A BEE?"

HA HA HA!

AND THEN, "UH, I DON'T KNOW, YOU KNOW," AND THEY SAY, "WELL, YOU SHOULD BE SILENT.

"IT SHOULD BE SILENT BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, "WHAT ELSE DOES A BEE DO?

A BEE BUZZES."

I SAY, "YEAH.

A BEE BUZZES."

THEY SAY, "WELL, BUZZING IS BAD IN A PLANE," AND THEY'RE RIGHT, OF COURSE.

I'LL SHOW YOU.

THEY-- WHAT THEY'RE TALKING ABOUT IS CHATTER, CHATTER IN A PLANE, SO IF I PLANE LIKE A BEE, THE PLANE SHOULD STILL NOT CHATTER, AND I'M GONNA SHOW YOU WHAT I-- I'M TALKING ABOUT HERE.

THERE'S CHATTER BOTH IN SAWS AND IN PLANES.

THIS IS A PLANE, A LITTLE RABBET PLANE, AND I'M USING IT BECAUSE IT'S EASIER FOR ME TO SHOW YOU THE SIDE OF IT RIGHT HERE.

YOU LOOK AT THE MOUTH, AND YOU CAN SEE WHERE THE SUPPORT IS, RIGHT HERE, AND HERE'S THE CUTTING IRON RIGHT THERE.

THE CUTTING IRON IS RIGHT THERE, BUT IT IS NOT SUPPORTED ON THE BACK.

WHY?

BECAUSE I PUT A KEY, A LITTLE SPACER, UP ABOVE IT THERE.

DO YOU SEE HOW I HAVE A--A LITTLE WEDGE PUT IN HERE?

IT'S JUST A BRASS KEY THAT I STUCK IN SO IT'S SUPPORTED AT THIS POINT, AND NOT AT THIS POINT DOWN WHERE IT NEEDS TO BE.

THIS IS WRONG, AND I'LL SHOW YOU WHY.

THE IRON'S A LITTLE OVEREXTENDED.

I'M GONNA S--PLANE ON THIS WALNUT HERE, AND BOTH LISTEN AND WATCH WHAT HAPPENS.

DO YOU HEAR THAT BUZZING?

LISTEN.

[BUZZ BUZZ] THAT'S NOT RIGHT, AND IF YOU LOOK AT THE WOOD-- LOOK AT IT--YOU CAN SEE I CAN--I CAN SCRATCH IT, AND IT'S BUZZY.

UH, THIS IS THE CHATTER MARKS ALL THE WAY ACROSS.

IT'S BECAUSE THE PLANE IRON IS OVER EXTENDED AND POORLY SUPPORTED, AND IT IS VIBRATING.

IT'S BENDING BACK AND FORTH, BACK AND FORTH, BACK AND FORTH, LEAVING THIS VERY ROUGH, CHATTERY SURFACE, AND I'M GONNA TAKE THAT SPACER OUT.

LET'S READJUST THE PLANE AS IT SHOULD BE, SO NOW IT'S SUPPORTED ALL THE WAY AT THE BASE.

I'LL TIGHTEN IT UP, AND I'VE GOT TO BACK IT OFF A LITTLE BIT TO GET THE-- THERE'S TWO THINGS IT'LL DO.

IT--IT'S JUST OVEREXTENDED, AND I MEAN HYPEREXTENDED BY, UH, PUTTING THAT LITTLE SPACER BACK HERE TO SUPPORT IT, SO LET'S TRY IT NOW IT'S SUPPORTED DOWN AT THE BOTTOM, AND, OOP, WELL, NO SOUND AT ALL BECAUSE IT'S NOT CUTTING.

ALL RIGHT.

AH, THERE.

OK.

LISTEN TO THAT.

CAN YOU HEAR THAT, HOW THAT'S A SMOOTH SOUND ALL THE WAY THROUGH?

SO THAT THE PLANE REALLY NEEDS TO--HA HA!--BE SILENT LIKE A BUTTERFLY AND SAME THING WITH, UH, SAWING.

YOU KNOW, I SAY SAW-- HA HA!--SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY.

WELL, THAT--THAT'S TRUE.

THEY ARE SILENT.

NOW, WHAT I'M TALKING ABOUT IS, AGAIN, THE CHATTER THAT YOU CAN GET IF YOU OVEREXTEND THE WOOD.

I SEE FOLKS RIPPING, AND THEY'LL GET ON A SAW BENCH LIKE THIS AND STICK THE WOOD WAY OUT AND GET THE RIP SAW IN THERE AND... [WOOD VIBRATING] START RIPPING.

IT'S WORKING WELL ENOUGH, BUT YOU CAN HEAR ACROSS THE ROOM THAT THE WOOD IS VIBRATING.

MOST OF THE ENERGY IS GOING INTO VIBRATING AND BENDING THE WOOD.

YOU WANT TO HAVE THIS WOOD ACTUALLY BACK HERE AND YOUR KNEES CLOSER.

DO YOU HEAR HOW IT'S QUIETER?

SO YOU ALWAYS WANT TO HAVE THE WOOD SUPPORTED ALL THE WAY.

YOU DON'T WANT THAT CHATTER.

YOU DON'T WANT IT TO BUZZ, SO NO BUZZ BUZZ.

THEY WORK AS A TEAM, SO I DON'T KNOW WHICH IS THE ONE THAT IT'S GONNA BE.

DOES THE BUTTERFLY, THEN, UH, GO TO THE PLANE AND THE SAW GO TO THE BEE, OR NOT TO BEE?

I THINK THE QUESTION IS, UH, WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON, THESE TWO, ALL RIGHT, UH, THESE TWO ITEMS HERE-- THE LITTLE BUTTERFLY AND THE LITTLE BEE?

WHAT CAN THEY TEACH US?

WELL, THEY BOTH HAVE WINGS THAT THEY HAVE TO SPREAD THEIR WINGS IN ORDER TO WORK WELL.

WELL, THE OBVIOUS METAPHOR FOR THAT, OR ANALOGY, IN SAWS IS THE SET OF A SAW.

THESE TEETH IN A SAW ARE NOT ALL IN LINE.

THEY'RE ALTERNATELY ANGLED OUT SO IT CUTS A WIDER KERF THAN THE THICKNESS OF THE PLATE.

I'M GONNA SHOW YOU THAT ON THIS-- UH, THESE BIG TIMBER SAWS THAT I HAVE HERE.

THEY WILL GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE.

NOW, I CAN'T TELL WHICH ONE IS WHICH JUST BECAUSE I CAN'T REMEMBER, I SHOULD SAY.

I CAN TELL BUT ONLY AFTER I START CUTTING.

ONE OF THESE HAS A LOT OF SET, AND THE OTHER ONE HAS, WELL, A LITTLE BIT OF SET, AND SO ONE'S BETTER FOR GREEN WOOD, ONE FOR DRY WOOD, AND HERE WE GO AND SEE.

THIS IS GREENISH WOOD, AND IF I HAD PICKED UP THE DRY ONE WITH VERY LITTLE SET, IT WOULD START TO BIND, BUT WE SEE IT'S CUTTING WELL, SO THIS IS THE ONE WITH THE SET, AND YOU LOOK RIGHT THERE, YOU CAN SEE THE GAP THAT IT HAS IS QUITE BIG COMPARED TO THE THINNESS OF THE PLATE RIGHT THERE, SO THESE TEETH ARE SPLAYED OUT THERE, SPLAYED OUT SO THAT IT CUTS A WIDER PATH, UH, THAN THE PLATE OF THE SAW SO IT NEVER JAMS.

ALL RIGHT, SO THAT'S TRUE.

IT SPREADS ITS WINGS.

NOW, WHAT ABOUT IN PLANES?

WELL, THERE-- THERE, PERHAPS, IT IS MORE SIMPLE.

AH.

UH, LET'S TAKE THE RABBET PLANE AGAIN, AND I'M GONNA CUT A RABBET, AND A RABBET IS JUST A SHOULDER, SO WE'VE GOT BUTTERFLIES, BEES, AND RABBETS.

HERE IS, UH, MY STOCK, AND I'M GONNA CUT A SHOULDER IN HERE AND ADJUST THE PLA-- OH, IT LOOKS LIKE IT'S ADJUSTED AS IT NEEDS TO BE.

ALL RIGHT.

YOU SEE THE, UH--YES.

I CAN FEEL IT RIGHT THERE.

HERE'S WHAT I'M LOOKING FOR.

THIS CUTTER MUST PROTRUDE PAST THE IRON OF THE BODY.

IT HAS TO STICK OUT TO THIS SIDE JUST ENOUGH TO STAY CLEAR OF THE SIDE IN ORDER FOR IT TO WORK, AND THIS IS OFTEN NEGLECTED.

YOU'LL HAVE THIS WITHIN.

LET ME--I'LL SHOW YOU WHAT HAPPENS HERE.

THIS IS WORKING AS IT SHOULD, AND I'M JUST GONNA START A RABBET.

I GIVE IT A LITTLE MORE IRON.

THERE WE GO, SO JUST USING OUR FINGERS AS THE FENCE.

ALL RIGHT, AND ONCE IT'S STARTED, I CAN GO DOWN A LITTLE FASTER... AND IT'S WORKING FINE.

THIS IS WORKING AS IT SHOULD BE, AND IF YOU LOOK DOWN IT, YOU'LL SEE I HAD TO SHADOW IT A LITTLE BIT, BUT YOU CAN SEE HOW THIS CORNER, THIS INSIDE CORNER, IS VERY, VERY SHARP RIGHT DOWN INSIDE THERE.

WE HAVE A NICE, SHARP CORNER BECAUSE THE CUTTER WAS STICKING OUT PAST THE BODY OF THE PLANE.

WELL, HERE, IT I TAKE IT NOW-- I'M GONNA PUSH IT IN NOW.

I'M GONNA HAVE THAT CUTTER WITHIN THE-- THAT'S A LOT, UH, BUT WE'LL SEE HOW THAT WORKS.

I'VE GOT IT NOW, UH, SCANT OF THE SIDE, AND IT'S STICKING WAY OUT, SO IT'LL PROBABLY CHATTER LIKE CRAZY, BUT, NEVERTHELESS, WE'LL HAVE TWO FLAWS IN THE PLANE.

ALL RIGHT, SO NOW I'M GONNA START WORKING DOWN WITH THIS BODY.

YOU CAN SEE, AND WHAT'S HAPPENING IS-- LOOK AT THIS.

LOOK AT WHAT WE'RE GETTING.

EACH TIME I DO A STROKE, IT CAN'T, UH, GET ALL THE WAY UP IN THE CORNER AGAIN, AND SO I'M GETTING THIS GENTLE--LOOK AT THAT.

IT'S JUST--SEE HOW IT'S THIS GENTLE STAIR STEP, UH, TERRACED CUTS GOING DOWN THERE?

THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS IF THE, UH, PLANE IRON IS NOT ALL THE WAY OVER FLUSH TO THE SHOULDER, SO IT MUST SPREAD ITS WINGS JUST LIKE A BEE OR A BUTTERFLY IN ORDER TO WORK.

NOW, THAT IS TRUE, UH, WHETHER, UH-- YOU KNOW, IT'S A RABBET PLANE, IT'S GONNA BE OBVIOUS, UH, THERE BECAUSE THAT'S WHAT THAT THING DOES.

IT CUTS A SHARP SHOULDER.

I'M GONNA SHOW YOU IT'S TRUE EVEN IN MOULDING PLANES.

I'VE GOT A VERY NICE OGEE MADE BY--WHO MADE THIS?

MR.--MR. WILDING MADE THIS ONE.

ALL RIGHT.

I'M GOING TO, UH, JOINT THIS BOARD, SO I USE WHAT'S CALLED A JOINTER PLANE, A LONG-IRON JOINTER, AND, AGAIN, HOLD THE PLANE SO I'VE GOT IT SUPPORTED.

PUSH DOWN HERE, UH, WITH MY FOREHAND AT THE START OF THE STROKE, BOTH HANDS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE STROKE, AND THEN RELEASE THE PRESSURE ON THE FRONT AT THE END OF THE STROKE, AND THAT WAY, THE PLANE WILL GO STRAIGHT LIKE A BEE.

YEAH.

NOW BRING THIS DOWN A LITTLE MORE.

WE'LL GET A SHARP SHOULDER TO START WITH, AND NOW WE'LL TRY OUR MOULDING PLANE, ALL RIGHT, AND THIS MOULDING PLANE IS AN OGEE.

THAT'S THE PROFILE THAT IT CUTS.

IT HAS TO BE HELD AT AN ANGLE ON THE FRONT, THERE IS A LINE THAT I FOLLOW CALLED THE SPRINGLINE AND THE PLANE ALWAYS HELD AT-- WITH THAT SPRINGLINE VERTICAL.

NOW, YOU SEE THE SPRINGLINE RIGHT THERE, SO THAT'S ALWAYS IN LINE WITH THE FRONT OF THE WOOD.

YEAH.

ALL RIGHT, SO IT'S BEEN CUTTING THE CURVE, AND NOW IT'S GONNA CUT A SHORT STEP WHICH IS INDEED A RABBET IN-- WITH A CURVE DOWN BENEATH IT, SO NOW IT'S JUST DOING WHAT A RABBET PLANE DOES AND EXTENDING ITS OVAL, UH, DOWN BELOW.

NOW I'M GONNA DO WHAT'S CALLED BURNISHING.

I TAKE THE SHAVINGS, RUB THAT ON THERE, AND THAT DOES A FINAL POLISH, AND LET ME TURN IT TO THE SHADOW HERE BECAUSE MOULDINGS WORK WITH SHADOWS.

DO YOU SEE WHAT A PRETTY MOULDING THAT IS?

WELL, THAT WORKED PRETTY AND SHARP ONLY BECAUSE THIS CUTTER RIGHT HERE ON THIS PLANE WAS ADJUSTED SO THAT IT SIT--SITS JUST A LITTLE BIT OUTSIDE THIS SHELF RIGHT HERE, THIS PART OF THE FENCE, AND THAT'S WHAT MADE THIS SHARP LINE YOU SEE RIGHT THERE THAN MAKES THIS A NICE MOULDING.

OTHERWISE, JUST LIKE THE RABBET PLANE, UH, IT WOULD BE ALL OVER THE PLACE WITH THIS KIND OF BLURRED LINES.

WE DON'T WANT THAT.

ALL RIGHT, SO I'VE BEEN CONCENTRATING ON THIS, THINKING, "WELL, IS A SAW, PLANE A BEE, A--" HA HA HA!

"IS A BEE A PLANE, A SAW A BUTTERFLY?

WHAT IS IT?"

BUT, YOU KNOW, IT'S GOTTEN OFF TRACK, AS OFTEN HAPPENS WHEN YOU'RE TALKING WITH THE STUDENTS.

THE HUMAN ELEMENT IS MISSING.

WE'VE BEEN DEALING WITH ONLY HALF THE EQUATION.

UH, YOU'VE GOT TO STEER THESE THINGS.

IT'S THE HUMAN, UH-- THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE BEE, THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE BUTTERFLY THAT MAKES THIS WORK.

NOW I'M GONNA SHOW YOU SOMETHING I SEE A LOT OF.

AGAIN, I'LL DO THIS WITH THE, UH, DOVETAIL SAW RIGHT HERE.

IT'S CUTTING DOVETAILS, AND ONE THING I'VE DONE IS OVEREXTENDED, SO HERE'S THAT CHATTER WE WERE TALKING BEFORE.

SEE, I'M WAY UP HERE IN SPACE.

LISTEN TO THAT.

THAT'S NOT GOOD.

I'M GONNA LOWER THIS DOWN NOW IN THE VISE, AND YOU'LL SEE, AGAIN, WE GET AWAY FROM THAT CHATTER, AND THE SOUND IS OF THE SAW WORKING.

WELL, A LITTLE BIT BETTER.

I'LL DAMPEN IT WITH MY THUMB.

THIS IS THE POINT I WAS TRYING TO MAKE, THOUGH, WAS, FOLKS, I DON'T KNOW HOW MANY TIMES, COME OVER, AND THEY'LL DO THIS KIND OF CUT, AND, YOU KNOW, THEY'LL LOOK AT IT AND SAY, "WHAT--YOU KNOW, WHAT THE HECK?"

"LOOK AT WHERE THAT IS.

IT'S SUPPOSED TO BE OVER THERE.

YOU'RE OVER HERE," AND WHAT DO THEY SAY?

THEY SAY, "WELL, THE SAW RAN OUT."

WELL, I'VE NEVER SEEN A SAW JUST RUN OFF BY ITSELF.

THEY'RE NICE, BUT THEY DON'T JUST, YOU KNOW, FLY OFF, AND WHAT WAS MISSING IS, YOU'VE GOT TO HAVE THAT CORRECTION ALL THE TIME.

YOU THINK OF THAT A BUTTERFLY DOES, WHAT A BEE DOES, THEY'RE ALWAYS PLAYING INTO THE WIND, ALWAYS SENSING THEIR ENVIRONMENT, AND, ON A VERY QUICK FEEDBACK LOOP, ALWAYS CORRECTING, SO HERE, I WAS OFF.

I'VE GOT TO CORRECT IT BEFORE AND SAW RIGHT DOWN THE LINE, LIGHTLY HOLDING THE SAW, AND I'M HOLDING THIS WITH JUST A LEGO MAN GRIP HERE, UH, JUST TO MAKE A POINT.

YOU CAN CUT THAT WITH NO GRIP WHATSOEVER.

ALL RIGHT, SO THERE YOU GO.

THAT'S IT WITH THE SAWING.

YOU GOT TO HAVE THAT INTELLIGENCE, THE SAME THING WITH THE PLANE.

YOU KNOW, A PLANE, NICE AS THEY ARE, IT DOESN'T MATTER.

THEY'RE-- IT'S JUST A BLOCK OF WOOD WITH A PIECE OF STEEL IN IT, AND WHAT, UH--AND WHAT, UH, MUHAMMAD ALI WAS TEACHING US, YOU KNOW, HE SAID, TALKING ABOUT BOXING, HE SAID, "YOU FLOAT LIKE A BUTTERFLY.

YOU STING LIKE A BEE."

IT ABOUT BEHAVIOR.

IT'S ABOUT HUMANS WORKING WITH IT, SO IF YOU FIND THE GRAIN AND HERE SKEW THE PLANE LIKE IT'S GOING WITH THE GRA-- YOU KNOW, DOWN THE GRAIN BUT ALSO DIAGONALLY ACROSS IT, SOMETIMES TAKING--HERE, LET'S GO TO THE OTHER SIDE-- TAKING THE PLANE AND SKEWING IT ACROSS THE GRAIN LIKE A BUTTERFLY OR A BEE HEADING INTO THE WIND, AND THIS SKEWING INSTEAD OF GOING STRAIGHT ON DOWN THE WIND LIKE THAT, SOMETIMES YOU'LL GET CAUGHT, YOU'LL GET INTO CURRENTS.

BUT IF YOU SKEW THE PLANE TO THE SIDE AND FLY WITH YOUR HEAD INTO THE WIND A LITTLE BIT, YOU'VE LOWERED THE ANGLE OF THE PLANE AND MADE A CUT THERE, SO THIS IS INTELLIGENCE.

THIS IS FEEDBACK COMING UP, UH, THROUGH THE PLANE ALL THE TIME AND FEEDBACK FROM YOU GOING IN.

LOOK AT THIS.

THE HUMAN ELEMENT IS ALWAYS THERE.

LOOK AT THIS WONDERFUL, UH, PLANE.

THIS CAME FROM GERMANY, AND YOU CAN SEE IT'S A PLANE LIKE I WAS TALKING ABOUT USING EARL--JUST A SECOND AGO, BUT THIS ONE--LOOK HERE--DO YOU SEE THOSE INDENTATIONS IN IT?

THAT'S WHERE THE MAN'S HANDS WENT, SO LOOK AT THAT.

THE HUMAN HAS MADE THAT CONNECTION WITH THAT PLANE SO MUCH THAT IT'S WORN INTO THE WOOD, SO IT'S JUST-- UH, IT'S ALWAYS THERE.

WELL, I GOT TO THANK, UH, THE GREATEST UH, FOR THE LESSONS HE GAVE TO US BECAUSE, UH, UM, MUHAMMAD ALI IS NOT--THE LATE MUHAMMAD ALI, NOT JUST, UH, GREAT AT KNOCKING PEOPLE OUT, BUT AT WAKING PEOPLE UP, SO THERE YOU GO.

THAT'S MY LESSON FOR TODAY-- SAW LIKE A BUTTERFLY, PLANE LIKE A BEE, AND I'M ROY UNDERHILL, AND I'M SO MEAN, I MAKE MEDICINE SICK.

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

SO LONG.

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DIFFERENT ANNOUNCER: ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S GUIDE: WORKING WOOD WITH EDGE AND WEDGE" AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, ALL PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS AND AVAILABLE IN BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.